基于狄利克雷过程混合模型的城市活动聚类方法研究

手机信令数据不仅记录个体出行轨迹，也为分析城市活动空间分布特征提供了基础.本文提出一种基于狄利克雷混合模型的城市活动特征聚类方法，以手机信令提取居民出行OD为基础，将每个基站的到发出行量作为表征该基站所处空间位置的活动特征，研究特征的聚类方法.引入狄利克雷分布作为先验分布，由中餐馆模型推定特征聚类数量.与其他聚类方法相比，该方法最大的优点在于无需事先指定聚类数量，避免了传统聚类方法的缺陷.将本文方法应用到三亚市城市活动特征聚类当中，结果能够有效地反应不同城市功能组团的活动特征.     

基于KENTRACK的铁路沥青混凝土底砟层疲劳特性评价

重复动载疲劳损伤是沥青混凝土底砟层的破坏形式之一。本文建立了沥青混凝土底砟层的三维有限元分析模型,分析其在列车荷载作用下的受力变形特性。采用KENTRACK设计方法分析了沥青混凝土底砟层的疲劳寿命。结果表明:沥青混凝土底砟层等厚度替代基床表层的路基结构形式在列车荷载作用下基床表层的竖向动变形和振动加速度明显减小;沥青混凝土底砟层的层底拉应变在10×10^-6~90×10^-6,处于较低水平;沥青混凝土底砟层具有良好的疲劳耐久性,可用于工程实践。     

孤立波与直立透空防波堤相互作用的解析研究

在一定条件下浅水波可能以孤立波形态与近岸防波堤发生相互作用。针对这一现象,应用特征函数展开法,推导了斜入射孤立波作用下有限厚度直立透空防波堤的反射与透射波浪场的解析积分解,并据此计算了作用于防波堤的孤立波波浪力以及孤立波反射与透射波面,相关结果具有一定的理论与实用价值。计算结果表明:孤立波入射角、海况条件、防波堤表面透空系数以及孤立波特征参数等因素变化对波浪作用均有一定影响。与相同浅水条件下的Airy微幅波理论结果相比,孤立波理论对波浪载荷与最大波面的预测值明显更大,反映了浅水波的非线性效应,同时说明在一定的浅水条件下采用孤立波模型将更为合理可靠。     

含碎石化层的沥青加铺路面结构分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了含碎石化层的沥青加铺路面结构模型,研究土基、旧路基层与碎石化层模量以及碎石化层和加铺层厚度对含碎石化层沥青加铺层路面结构的力学响应的影响,确定碎石化模量的控制范围.结果表明,荷载作用中心点及附近一定区域,沥青加铺层层底受拉;沥青加铺层层底拉应力对土基模量、旧路基层模量、碎石化层厚度不敏感,但当碎石化层模量较小(接近300MPa)或加铺层厚(大于20cm)时层底拉应力均较大,在重载作用下更大.因此碎石化道路必须验算沥青层层底拉应力指标.为使沥青层层底拉应力峰值不至于过大甚至超过容许拉应力,使得受拉区域控制在一定范围以内,同时为降低加铺层竖向剪应力及土基顶面压应变,并达到防治反射裂缝的效果,碎石化层的模量宜控制在500～1000MPa.     

Environmentally appraising different pavement and construction scenarios: A comparative analysis for a typical local road

The aim of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of environmental impacts for different scenarios of a typical local road. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the modeling tool used to quantify and characterize comparative environmental impacts. In carrying out this specific application of the LCA, different road construction techniques were considered with regards to the whole structure and compared in order to identify the best alternative in terms of environmental sustainability.So far, in fact, typical LCA frameworks of roads have focused on recycled materials for pavement layers only, thus neglecting study of the materials used in the embankment or in the subgrade. In this study, these materials were included too, in order to prove the environmental benefit of using a sustainable technique such as in situ stabilization of fine soils with lime (typically dumped clayey soils) in order to reduce the need for virgin material for embankment and subgrade construction.When using different percentages of recycled materials (such as reclaimed asphalt pavement – RAP) in the bituminous layer or in the foundation, the analysis of the functional unit studied shows a significant reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emissions mainly due to transportation of materials involved, in this way increasing the environmental performance of the road.Another important consideration is that the use of fine soils stabilized with lime “in situ”, instead of dumping it, not only is a good technical solution for improving soil mechanical properties, but it also produces a reduction of energy consumption and of pollutant emissions. It is noticeable that this technique results in a significant reduction of pollutant emissions due the transportation of involved materials, increasing the environmental performance of the road.     

双层开孔斜挡板透空式防波堤消浪性能研究

针对一种新型双层开孔斜挡板透空式防波堤消浪性能问题,研究挡板开孔率和挡板倾斜角度对防波堤消浪性能的影响。采用物理模型试验方法,得出其反射和透射系数、波能分布和堤后波幅频谱特征结果。结果表明,斜挡板开孔率越大,防波堤透射系数也越大,但在试验范围内,透射系数均小于0. 5;该类型防波堤对波浪有较好的消能性,对较长周期波以反射为主,较短周期波以消浪室消能为主,整体透射系数较短周期波略大;防波堤设计斜挡板比平挡板透射系数小,具有更好的消浪性能,最小透浪仅为后者的39%。     

Superpave-13沥青混合料高温稳定性分析

文章结合天水过境高速公路路面实体工程,对不同孔隙率条件下的Super-pave-13高性能沥青混合料进行了车辙试验及SPT试验分析。结果表明,要保证Superpave-13沥青混合料具有较好的高温稳定性,其压实孔隙率应控制在4%～6.5%范围内。     

高速公路沥青路面施工质量控制分析

无接缝、平整、行车舒适、噪音低以及振动小、易于养护等优点,使沥青混凝土路面成为我国国内公路面层普遍采用的一种比较好的结构形式。但是如果施工中不能按照施工工艺严格的进行施工质量控制,则很容易导致路面的一系列质量问题,这不仅影响使用功能,还影响影响其社会效益。     

干线公路高模量沥青混凝土应用研究

文章试验研究了不同PR/RA改性剂掺量的高模量沥青混凝土(HMAC)的抗车辙性能,分析了层位、层厚、模量、轴载、温度和荷载次数等因素对高模量沥青混凝土路面抗车辙性能的影响程度,提出了合理的路面层位设置、模量取值范围及路面结构组合,并通过某干线公路试验路段,验证了高模量沥青混凝土的抗车辙效果。     

Traffic noise abatement: How different pavements, vehicle speeds and traffic densities affect annoyance levels

In this paper, annoyance ratings from traffic noise recorded on cobblestones, dense asphalt, and open asphalt rubber pavements are assessed with regard to car speeds and traffic densities. It was found that cobblestones pavements are the most annoying; also while open asphalt rubber pavement imposes less annoyance than dense asphalt it is not significantly different. Higher car speeds always lead to greater annoyance, as does higher traffic densities. LAeq and LAmax correlate well with annoyance, but loudness is the best predictor. Roughness and sharpness exhibit inconsistent interactions.